automotive Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

automotive Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

INTRODUCTION

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) include telematics and all types of communications in vehicles, between vehicles (e.g. car-to-car), and between vehicles and fixed locations (e.g. car-to-infrastructure).

The following important topics related to automotive ITS are being addressed:

• Cooperative-ITS (C-ITS) and its evolution to support full autonomous driving  including wireless short range communications (ITS-G5) dedicated to automotive ITS and Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT). C-ITS provides connectivity between road participants and infrastructure.
• Automotive ITS Security
  This includes trust and privacy management and certificate formats.
• Automotive radar
• Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC)
  DSRC provides communications between the vehicle and the roadside in specific locations (for example toll plazas). Applications such as Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) operates over DSRC.

Cooperative ITS (C-ITS)

We depend heavily on transport in our everyday lives. Yet ever increasing road traffic generates serious problems in terms of congestion, safety and environmental impact. Fortunately, information and communication technologies offer new advanced solutions to today's transport problems.

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) embrace a wide variety of communications-related applications intended to increase travel safety, minimize environmental impact, improve traffic management and maximize the benefits of transportation to both commercial users and the general public.

Stand-alone driver assistance helps drivers to maintain a safe speed and distance, drive within the lane, avoid overtaking in critical situations and safely pass intersections and thus have positive effects on safety and traffic management. However, benefits could be further magnified if individual vehicles were able to continuously communicate with each other or with the road infrastructure.

Over recent years, the emphasis in intelligent vehicle research has turned to Cooperative ITS (C-ITS) in which the vehicles communicate with each other and/or with the infrastructure. C-ITS can greatly increase the quality and reliability of information available about the vehicles, their location and the road environment. It improves existing services and will lead to new ones for the road users, which, in turn, will bring major social and economic benefits and lead to greater transport efficiency and increased safety.

Automotive Radar

Radar technology is developed for use in motor vehicles, mainly in the interests of road safety:

• Automatic Cruise Control 'long-range radar' operating at 77 GHz. This enables a vehicle to maintain a cruising distance from a vehicle in front.
• Anti-collision 'short-range radar' operating at 24 GHz and 79 GHz. This is being developed as part of a system to warn the driver of a pending collision, enabling avoiding action to be taken. In the event where collision is inevitable, the vehicle may prepare itself (for example by applying brakes, pre-tensioning seat belts) to minimize injury to passengers and others.

Anti-collision radar

The anti-collision radar technology is marketed in two stages in Europe:

Temporary frequency band

A 'temporary' frequency band has been opened at 24 GHz, allowing equipment to be marketed in the short term. However, this band is also used by other radio services that would suffer interference if too many radar devices were operated simultaneously in the same area. For this reason, this band is closed for the introduction of new devices before the usage becomes too dense.

In addition, the radar is required to be switched off within a certain distance of radio astronomy stations, to avoid interference. Currently this is achieved by manual intervention by the driver. An automatic de-activation mechanism will be required after a transition date.

European Commission Decision 2005/50/EC requires this band to be made available in all EU member states, and sets the requirements for the transition to the permanent band and for the introduction of automatic de-activation around radio astronomy sites.

Permanent frequency band

A 'permanent' band has been allocated at 79 GHz, allowing for long-term development of this radar service. European Commission Decision 2004/545/EC requires this band to be made available in all EU member states.

Read more: https://www.etsi.org/technologies/automotive-intelligent-transport?jjj=1584688193140